Fungsi dan Rumus Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense adalah salah satu dari 16 tense dimana fungsi utamanya menjelaskan suatu peristiwa yang sudah selesai terjadi di masa lampau. Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah verb 3 atau past participle. 

Banyak yang menganggap bahwa past perfect mirip dengan past continuous padahal keduanya memiliki fungsi yang jelas berbeda. Poin utama dari past perfect adalah kejadian tersebut sudah selesai terjadi dan bisa saja terulang. 

Fungsi Past Perfect

Past Perfect

Apa fungsi dan kegunaan dari past perfect? Setidaknya ada 4 fungsi atau kegunaan dari past perfect tense ini. Keempatnya adalah sebagai berikut : 

1. Past perfect menceritakan sebuah peristiwa yang sudah selesai terjadi sebelum peristiwa lainnya berlangsung. Perlu digaris-bawahi keduanya terjadi di masa lampau atau past event. 

Contoh : 

• We had never flown in airplane before we went to Jakarta.
• I had forgotten the formula before the teacher reminded me.
• Jane had studied Russian before she moved to Moscow.
• I had meet Maria before you introduced her to me. 

Klausa yang dicetak tebal disusun secara past perfect menandakan peristiwa itu sudah selesai terjadi sebelum peristiwa berikutnya. Di sini sebagai kata hubung digunakan kata before (sebelum). Selain before, bisa juga digunakan kata yang lain misalkan : after, by the time dan when. 

• I told him after I had told you
• Lisa called me after I had sent the letter.
• When I have done my homework, I played games.
• When Jordan came to my house, I had cleaned the room. 
• I had already eaten breakfast by the time she pick me up.
• By the time George came to the convention, everyone had gone.

2. Past perfect menceritakan suatu peristiwa di masa lalu yang terjadi berulang kali. Bisa dikatakan past perfect menjelaskan mengenai seberapa sering kejadian itu terjadi. Dalam hal ini maka akan sering sekali digunakan frasa adverbial of frequency seperti : once, twice, every day, every week, every year, dll.

Contoh : 

• I had read this magazine twice. 
• We had visited Surabaya three times this year before I went to Bandung. 
• I had lived here for seven years before I moved to Hong Kong.
• Jack had played this games every day until  he got sick. 

3. Past perfect digunakan untuk reported speech atau kalimat tidak langsung. Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimatnya.

Contoh : 

• She said that she had come home. 
• He said that he had purchased the newest comic. 
• He told that he had answered all the questions.

4. Past perfect digunakan dalam conditional sentence 3, yakni harapan yang tidak menjadi kenyataan. 

Contoh : 

• If I had seen Clarice, I would have told her the information.
• If you had told me this, I would have helped you. 

Rumus Past Perfect 

Lalu bagaimana rumus untuk membuat kalimat past perfect. Ternyata sangat mudah. Harus diingat bahwa tense ini menggunakan past particple atau verb tiga. 

Affirmative : Subject + had + past participle / verb 3

Negative : Subject + had + past participle / verb 3

Interrogative : Had + subject + past participle / verb 3 + ?

Contoh kalimat postif Past Perfect

1. My brother had read that book twice. 
2. We had never seen such a beautiful sunset before we went to this city.
3. Bryan understood the English test because he had been tutored by my father.
4. Mom had lived in Paris before moving to Berlin.
5. The dog had chased the bird before it flew out of the room.
6. We had just called home when my teacher texted us about returning the book.
7. Bianca had visited several hospitals and clinics before she found out what the problem was with her right eye.
8. If I had called ahead, we would not have needed to wait so long for a hotel.
9. If I had seen him, I would have told him the news.
10. Before uncle Sam did his homework, he had stayed with me.
11. Karl knew New Mexico so well because he had lived there for twenty years.
12. My mom and I were not able to stay overnight at the motel since She had not reserved a room in advance.
13. Elizabeth had never been to the movie before last night.
14. They did not have any cash because they had lost their pockets.
15. I had been to Kiev three times before.

Contoh kalimat negatif Past Perfect

1. My sisters hadn’t ever gone to China.
2. My parents had never gone to Indonesia either.
3. We had not eaten at that café before today.
4. Rebecca hadn’t had time to explain her opinion of the problem.

Contoh kalimat tanya Past Perfect

1. Had you read this article before?
2. Had she cleaned up the mess by the time we came home?
3. Had Mr Brown ever spoken to the President before he was fired?
4. Had you returned the car before She asked?

Past Perfect dan Simple Past

Meski sudah memahami rumus dasar membuat kalimat dalam past perfect, untuk bisa memahami penggunaannya dengan tepat maka harus juga memahami simple past. 

Ini karena dalam praktek, sering suatu kalimat (tergantung konteks yang ada) mengandung past perfect sekaligus juga simple past.